What does globalization primarily refer to in the context of education?

Globalization in the context of education primarily refers to international interconnectedness influencing education. This concept encompasses the ways in which education systems, policies, and practices are shaped by global forces, including cultural exchanges, international assessments (like PISA), and the movement of educators and students across borders. It reflects how educational standards and curriculums can be influenced by global trends and demands, fostering a more cosmopolitan perspective in teaching and learning.

For instance, as countries become more interconnected economically and socially, educational institutions often adapt to these changes by incorporating global perspectives into their curricula. This facilitates cross-cultural understanding and helps prepare students for a globalized workforce. While technological advancements and standardization can play roles in this context, they are aspects of a broader phenomenon characterized by this interconnectedness. Rising competition among local schools, while relevant on a national level, does not fully capture the essence of globalization as it is more about local dynamics rather than a global influence.