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How does housing affect educational achievement directly?
By providing access to technology
Through overcrowding, making it difficult for study
Via access to learning resources
By improving parental involvement in education
The correct answer is: Through overcrowding, making it difficult for study
The choice emphasizing overcrowding directly affects educational achievement by creating an environment that can hinder a child's ability to study effectively. When children live in overcrowded conditions, they may have limited space and fewer quiet areas to focus on their schoolwork. This lack of a conducive study environment can lead to distractions and difficulties in completing assignments, ultimately impacting their academic performance. While the other options suggest important factors related to education, they do not directly stem from the housing situation itself in the same immediate way that overcrowding does. For example, access to technology and learning resources can influence achievement, but these typically depend on the specific amenities of the housing situation, not just the housing itself. Parental involvement is crucial for educational success but often relates more to socioeconomic factors than just the physical living arrangements.