A Level Sociology Education AQA Practice Exam

According to Bowles and Gintis, what factor primarily determines role allocation in society?

1. Merit and talents

2. Social class and connections

3. Public opinion and popularity

4. Education level alone

The correct answer is: Social class and connections

Bowles and Gintis argue that social class and connections are the primary factors determining role allocation in society. They emphasize that one's social background plays a significant role in influencing opportunities and outcomes in the education system and the job market. Their perspective suggests that individuals from higher social classes tend to have better access to resources, networks, and opportunities that facilitate success, regardless of their inherent merit or talents. Thus, social class becomes a critical determinant in how roles are allocated and how individuals are positioned within the societal structure. This view aligns with their broader critique of the education system, which they see as perpetuating inequality rather than leveling the playing field based on individual abilities.